一、DJ音標(biāo)和KK音標(biāo),哪個(gè)是表示英式發(fā)音,哪個(gè)表示美式發(fā)音

DJ音標(biāo)

我們常見有KK音標(biāo) 和 DJ 音標(biāo)，那么DJ 音標(biāo)指的是什么音標(biāo)呢？

DJ音標(biāo)跟英國語音學(xué)家Daniel Jones有關(guān)。他根據(jù)IPA編了一本英國英語的發(fā)音辭典English Pronouncing Dictionary（第1版至第12版，最后一版的出版時(shí)間為1963）。

（附：KK音標(biāo)是國際音標(biāo)的一種，DJ音標(biāo)也是其中的一種。KK音標(biāo)跟兩位美國語言學(xué)者J. S. Kenyan和T. A. Knott有關(guān)。他們根據(jù)IPA所編的描述美國英語的發(fā)音辭典（A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English 1944, 1953）里所用的發(fā)音符號(hào)，就是一般通稱的KK音標(biāo)。）

說明：有人誤認(rèn)為國際音標(biāo)就是注英國音的音標(biāo)，而KK是標(biāo)美國音的。這種說法把國際音標(biāo)說成好像只能用來標(biāo)英國音，而且把KK音標(biāo)認(rèn)為不是國際音標(biāo)。其實(shí)這是不正確的。國際音標(biāo)，如其名，是設(shè)計(jì)來標(biāo)注國際各種語言的發(fā)音的，很多語言學(xué)家把國際音標(biāo)做局部修改以標(biāo)記他們所研究的語言，所以國際音標(biāo)也有很多種。KK音標(biāo)是國際音標(biāo)的一種，DJ音標(biāo)也是其中的一種。可是到了現(xiàn)在，這二種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都已經(jīng)過時(shí)落伍了。英國另一位語音學(xué)家A. C. Gimson（他是Daniel Jones的學(xué)生，英國倫敦大學(xué)的語音學(xué)教授），將英國英語的辭典發(fā)音做了一番修正（第13版，1977；第14版，1988），使它更能代表實(shí)際發(fā)音。

KK音標(biāo)

KK（Kenyon and Knott）是《美式英語發(fā)音辭典》（A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English）的俗稱。此本辭典在1944年首次出版，兩位作者John Samuel Kenyon及Thomas A. Knott的姓都是以K開頭的，所以此辭典所使用的音標(biāo)一般稱為KK音標(biāo)。

KK是一種美式英語發(fā)音的音素音標(biāo)，它所使用的符號(hào)大部分與IPA相符。因?yàn)樗菍捠揭魳?biāo)，toe的長o復(fù)合元音只以一個(gè)[o]表示，而不是[o]。

KK和IPA有一些違背之處，大多是為了印刷方便：

符號(hào)[?]（縮小的大寫U）取代IPA的[?]，這是foot的元音和mouth的復(fù)合元音的后半部分。

“回尾g”取代IPA的“開尾g”。

符號(hào)[r]取代IPA的[?]，這表示的是美式英語的齒齦無擦通音。

重音與次重音記號(hào)稍微向中間傾斜，不是垂直的。也就是說，寫成像\\和/，而不是|和|。

分號(hào)[:]取代IPA的長音記號(hào)[?]，但KK通常不標(biāo)出長音。

外來語中用加橫杠的g(?)代替IPA的[?]，即有聲軟顎擦音。

KK音標(biāo)的主要用途之一是教導(dǎo)母語非英語者學(xué)會(huì)美式英語的發(fā)音。它曾在臺(tái)灣被廣為采用。

二、KK音標(biāo)和國際音標(biāo)有什么區(qū)別，哪個(gè)好

那就是通常情況下，我們應(yīng)該使用DJ音標(biāo)。 1、英國音是用 DJ (Daniel Jones 1881 C 1967 英國語音學(xué)家)音標(biāo)(phonetic symbols)。 2、美國音是用K.K.(John S. Kenyon 與 Thomas A. Knott美國語言學(xué)家)音標(biāo)。 3、IPA 是International Phonetic Alphabet(國際音標(biāo)，即英國音標(biāo))。 4、RP 是 Received Pronunciation 的縮寫，翻譯為「可接受的發(fā)音」，即英國國家廣播公司(BBC)的英語，可謂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，但仍謙稱為「可接受的發(fā)音」。現(xiàn)在中學(xué)教材使用了新的音標(biāo)符號(hào)， 即 Daniel Jones 于1977年在English Pronouncing Dictionary( 第 14 版 ) 中所使用的新的音標(biāo)符號(hào)。（主要是元音變化）。現(xiàn)在出版的字典每個(gè)單詞大多注有國際音標(biāo)，以英國丹尼爾.瓊斯(Daniel Jones)的語音詞典最新版本(15版)為依據(jù)，為讀者提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語發(fā)音。

KK音標(biāo)是美音，國際音標(biāo)是英音，沒有好壞之分，美式英語現(xiàn)在很流行，很多人在學(xué)，但是歐洲人會(huì)更認(rèn)為英式英語純正正宗，看你自己的選擇了

當(dāng)然是國際音標(biāo) ，國際通用嘛，我們教材用的都是國際音標(biāo)。

三、48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)具體表格

[i:] [i] [E:] [E] [O:] [O] [u:] [u] [A:] [V] [Q] [e] [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au] [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [s] [z] [T] [D] [S] [Z] [tS] [dZ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [m] [n] [N] [h] [r] [l] [w] [j]

英語國際音標(biāo)共48個(gè)，其中20個(gè)元音，20個(gè)輔音，3個(gè)鼻音，2個(gè)半元音，3個(gè)似拼音

元音

12個(gè)單元音

長元音 [i:] [E:] [O:] [u:] [A:]

短元音 [i] [E] [O] [u] [V] [Q] [e]

8個(gè)雙元音: [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au]

輔音10對(duì)

清輔音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S] [tS] [tr] [ts]

濁輔音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z] [dZ] [dr] [dz]

3個(gè)鼻音 [m] [n] [N]

3個(gè)似拼音 [h] [r] [l]

2個(gè)半元音 [w] [j]

巧記48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)單元音共十二，四二六前中后。 雙元音也好背，合口集中八個(gè)整。 輔音共計(jì)二十八，八對(duì)一清又七濁， 四個(gè)連對(duì)也包括。有氣無聲清輔音， 有聲無氣濁輔音，發(fā)音特點(diǎn)應(yīng)掌握。

關(guān)于語音的幾個(gè)概念: AHD表示美語發(fā)音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（簡稱AHD） KK音標(biāo)是一套用于標(biāo)注美式發(fā)音的符號(hào)系統(tǒng), 這是一套最常用的也是最權(quán)威的注音法，從此人們把美語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音慣稱為KK音標(biāo)。 DJ是根據(jù)英國學(xué)者Daniel Jones編的英語發(fā)音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的標(biāo)音而來. 英式讀音根據(jù)的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英語正音辭典》。它們代表了被稱為“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)讀音）的讀音，這在受過教育的英國人尤其是南部英格蘭人中通用。 1888年國際語音協(xié)會(huì) (International Phonetic Association) 的語言學(xué)家便制定出一套可國際通用的語音符號(hào)叫國際音標(biāo)符號(hào) (IPA─International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一個(gè)符號(hào)代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符號(hào)所產(chǎn)生的不便。 音素: 音的最小單位,英語中有48個(gè)音素. 音節(jié): 由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位. 58英語學(xué)習(xí) 元音: 發(fā)音響亮,是樂音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成部分.英語中有20個(gè)元音.輔音: 發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分,英語中有28個(gè)輔音. 開音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發(fā)音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)輔音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 閉音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+輔音 如: it is of in on up out ant A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house. A mouse is in the cat’s mouth. A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea1 元音:1) [i:] 字母組合:ee ea e iethree tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) [i]發(fā)音字母 i y esit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionarydefect decide delicious 3) [?] 發(fā)音字母 abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng) 4) [e] 字母組合 ea e ahead bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any 5) [ε:] 字母組合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her nerd servework worm work world 6) [ε] 字母組合 er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author tractordelicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan chinamen listen famulus Saturday

7) [a:] 字母組合 ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [:] 發(fā)音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourishblood flood9) []字母組合 al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumnfour mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) [] 發(fā)音字母 o ahot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash watch 11) [u:] 字母組合 oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full prude12) [u] 字母組合 oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could put full bull pull pushwoman wolf 13) [ei] 發(fā)音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plainthey grey 14) [ai] 發(fā)音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high

my try fly eye15) [au] 字母組合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouseflower down now cow how town16) [εu] 發(fā)音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal17) [] 字母組合oy oiboy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) [iε] 字母組合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea19) [] 字母組合ear air erepear bear chair air fair there wherecare20) [uε] 字母組合our ower hour tour flower shower

2 容易混淆的元音 [A] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei] real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai] bet bite red write said side head hide [aU] [R：] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q] found fond down done gown gone town ton [A][Q] fan fun tan tun san son tank tun 3輔音 1) pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) book big boot bike bread break 3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (發(fā)音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (發(fā)音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (發(fā)音字母x) school schedule schema (字母組合ch) 6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb 8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk 58英語 sing king morning evening 10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) [r] read red right run room write 12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest of 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (發(fā)音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (發(fā)音字母c) piece juice science lance space ace (字母組合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) [T] that this those these though 18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) [V] pleasure 20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach www.58en.com 24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的輔音 [v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine very well s] [W] sink think mass math miss myth sort sought [z] [T] close cloth breeze breathe [n] [N] thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing

5字母，組合音節(jié)發(fā)音規(guī)律 1）a [ei] [?] [[] [a:] [R] late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e [i:] [e] [[] 不發(fā)音 appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3）i [ai] high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R] lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[] university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble 58英語學(xué)習(xí) support suggest 6）c [k] [s] country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g [g] [dV] [N] girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l [l] 讀音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n [n] [N] moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r [r] [[](美語發(fā)音) right read write grade progress card board door floor form north 11）y [j] [ai] yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar [a:] [[] [R:] farm card garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[] cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear [[:] [i[] learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear

15) er [[:] [[] [i[] deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [i[] [Z[] here mere fere sere there 17) ir [[:] [ai] shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:] room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door floor 19) or [ R:] [[:] [[] short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ R:] [J[] door floor moor poor boor 21) our [J[] [R:] hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22) ou [au] [Q] [[] house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious gracious prosperous 23) ow [[J] [au] window meadow know show low now town how down cow

24) se [z] [s] nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25) th [W] [T] thank think thought cloth 58英語學(xué)習(xí) clothes that this then than 26) sion [F[n] [V[n] propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常見) station nation translation attention question

我也想補(bǔ)問一下，有沒有什么辦法可以把正確的寫法的音標(biāo)打出來？